Crew certificates and the MLC on Panama-flagged ships

Panama applies the STCW Convention to the certificates of seafarers on its ships, and its Maritime Authority issues endorsements recognizing foreign certificates under Regulation I/10.

The Maritime Labour Convention applies to every ship ordinarily engaged in commercial activities, and ships of 500 gross tons or more on international voyages must carry a Maritime Labour Certificate.

STCW and endorsements

Panama adopted the STCW Convention by Law 4 of May 15, 1992. The Authority issues endorsements of recognition of foreign certificates under Regulation I/10 for the deck and engine departments and for certificates of proficiency, and publishes their fees for nationals and non-nationals.

Source: Merchant Marine Circular MMC-407, section 7.7; Panama Maritime Authority, Seafarers page

The Maritime Labour Convention

Panama approved the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, by Law 2 of 2009. It applies to all ships, public or private, ordinarily engaged in commercial activities, except fishing vessels, traditional craft and warships. The Maritime Labour Certificate and the Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance are required for ships of 500 gross tons or more on international voyages.

The Authority also requires the MLC financial security for all vessels with personnel considered seafarers.

A ship inside a lock chamber of the Panama Canal
Photo: David Brossard· CC BY-SA 2.0

Source: Law 2 of 2009, article II and Regulation 5.1.3; Merchant Marine Circular MMC-407, section 5.3

Yachts in commercial use

For commercial yachts Panama accepts the Red Ensign Group Yacht Code as an equivalence under article 9 of the STCW Convention.

Source: Merchant Marine Circular MMC-370, section 1.2

Questions people ask

Does the crew of a Panama-flagged ship have to be Panamanian?

We have found no nationality rule for the crew in the Merchant Marine Law or the Maritime Labour Convention. The law only offers incentives for hiring Panamanian personnel.

From what size does a ship need a Maritime Labour Certificate?

From 500 gross tons on international voyages. The Convention itself applies to all commercial ships.

What the law does not say

  • Which certificates the minimum safe manning of each type of ship or yacht requires.
  • Which countries have recognition arrangements with Panama under Regulation I/10.
  • Whether crew wages are subject to Panamanian income tax or social security.
  • Visas and permits for foreign crew members.

Header photo: Paul Harrison, CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped.

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